Burden of IPD in Singapore

Adapted from Communicable Diseases Surveillance, Singapore (2018).1
The risk & incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease is highest in the youngest & oldest age groups.1 Amongst those in the age group of 0-4 years of age, the resident incidence rate of reported invasive pneumococcal disease cases was 2nd highest at 4.3 per 100,000.1
Serotype 19A
Prior to the introduction of PCV13, Serotype 19A was a leading cause of serious pneumococcal disease worldwide, with increasing prevalence.2-8
Compared to PCV7 & PCV10, PCV13 is the only pneumococcal conjugate vaccine that offers protection against Serotype 19A.9,10
Studies on Serotype 19A
PCV13 Had a Rapid and Sustained Impact on Serotype 19A IPD in Children < 5 Years of Age, United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, there was a demonstrated 87% reduction in Serotype 19A IPD in children <5 years of age in the post-PCV13 period (2016-2017) as compared to the pre-PCV13 period (2008-2010).11
Belgium: Trend in Reported Serotype 19A IPD cases in Children 0-2 Years of Age

In Belgium, the total reported IPD and Serotype 19A IPD cases in children 0-2 years of age was the lowest during the period when PCV13 was recommended. After PCV13 was replaced by PCV10, the data suggests an increase in the number of serotype 19A IPD cases among children 0-2 years of age through 2018.12
*Pneumococci samples were isolated from blood, lumbar fluid, pleura, and joint fluid.14
IPD=invasive pneumococcal disease; NIP=national immunization program. PCV7 as mentioned above is presently not registered in Singapore.